Phytoremediation

For more information on Phytoremediation, please contact:

Ellen Rubin
Technology Assessment Branch
(703) 603-0141
rubin.ellen@epa.gov

Overview Guidance Application Training Additional Resources

Application

D-Area Drip Irrigation-Phytoremediation Project: SRTC Final Report
2003. E.W. Wilde (Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC), et al. WSRC-TR-2002-00080, NTIS: DE00807121, 100 pp.

Demonstration Results of Phytoremediation of Explosives-Contaminated Groundwater Using Constructed Wetlands at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant, Milan, Tennessee. Vols. I-IV (Phase II Demonstration Results)
1998. Sikora, F.J.; R.A. Almond; L.L. Behrends; J.J. Hoagland; D.A. Kelly, Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. SFIM-AEC-ET-CR-97059. NTIS: ADA372286 (v.1, 287 pp), ADA372287 (v.2, 81 pp), ADA372288 (v.3, 435 pp), ADA372289 (v.4, 394 pp).

This report describes a demonstration of phytoremediation methods to treat explosives contamination in ground water. The demonstration was conducted at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant near Milan, Tennessee, using a gravel-based subsurface flow wetland and a lagoon-based surface flow wetland.

Demonstration-Site Development and Phytoremediation Processes Associated with Trichloroethene (TCE) in Ground Water, Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas
2004. S.D. Shay and C.L. Braun. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3087, 4 pp.

The objective of the demonstration project is to determine the effectiveness of eastern cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) in decreasing the mass of dissolved TCE in ground water through chemical, physical, and biological means.

Deployment of Phytotechnology in the 317/319 Area at Argonne National Laboratory-East: Innovative Technology Evaluation Report
U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 540-R-05-011, 88 pp, 2003.

In 1999, Argonne National Laboratory-East installed a vegetative cover system and approximately 800 hybrid poplars and willows to contain soil erosion and address chlorinated organics (e.g., PCE and TCE) and tritium in the ground water. The treatment period will continue for up to 20 years. This report presents results from from the first few years of site sampling, monitoring, and modeling.

Dredged Material Reclamation at the Jones Island Confined Disposal Facility. Innovative Technology Evaluation Report
2003. U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 540-R-04-508, 106 pp [posted 2005].

Biological treatment of dredged sediments was assessed for remediation of for PAHs, PCBs, DRO, and metals.

ESTCP Cost and Performance Report: Field Demonstration of Rhizosphere-Enhanced Treatment of Organics-Contaminated Soils on Native American Lands with Application to Northern FUD Sites
2004. Reynolds, C.M., ERDC-CRREL, Hanover, NH. ERDC/CRREL/LR-04-19, 53 pp.

ESTCP Technology Demonstration Final Report: Field Demonstration of Rhizosphere-Enhanced Treatment of Organics-Contaminated Soils on Native American Lands with Application to Northern FUD Sites
2004. C.M. Reynolds, ERDC-CRREL, Hanover, NH. ERDC/CRREL/LR-04-18, 97 pp.

FY02 Final Report on Phytoremediation of Chlorinated Ethenes in Southern Sector Seepline Sediments of the Savannah River Site
R.L. Brigmon, F.M. Saunders, D. Altman, E. Wilde, C.J. Berry, M. Franck, P. McKinsey, S. Burdick, F. Loeffler, S. Harris. WSRC-TR-2002-00557, 171 pp., 2003.

This final report details the operations and results of a 3-year TCE Seepline Phytoremediation Project adjacent to Tims Branch in the Savannah River site A/M Area. Phytoreactor 1 was planted with loblolly pines, Phytoreactor 2 with hybrid poplars, Phytoreactor 3 was the non-vegetated control to evaluate natural attenuation progress, Phytoreactor 4 was planted with sterile Vetiver grass, and Phytoreactor 5 was set up as a wetland system.

In Situ Remediation of a TCE-Contaminated Aquifer Using a Short Rotation Woody Crop Groundwater Treatment System: ESTCP Cost And Performance Report (CU-9519)
Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), 81 pp, 2006

A field-scale demonstration was conducted to evaluate the capability of Eastern cottonwood trees to intercept and treat ground water contaminated with TCE and cDCE at the Carswell Golf Course, Fort Worth, TX (formerly Carswell Air Force Base).

Long-Term Phytoremediation of Organic Soil Pollutants
1998. John S. Fletcher; Sunil I. Shah. Tech Trends, Issue No 29, May.

University of Oklahoma researchers are working with Union Carbide at a Texas site to evaluate phytoremediation of recalcitrant organic compounds

Metal-Scavenging Plants to Cleanse the Soil
1995. USDA-ARS. Agricultural Research, Vol 43 No 11, p 4-9.

Mine Waste Technology Program Acid/Heavy Metal Tolerant Plants
Cornish, J., MSE Technology Applications, Inc., Butte, MT.
Report No: EPA 600-R-07-114, 61 pp, Aug 2007

The objective of Mine Waste Technology Program Activity III, Project 30, Acid/Heavy Metal Tolerant Plants, was to select populations (i.e., ecotypes) from native, indigenous plant species that demonstrate superior growth characteristics and sustainability on acidic, heavy metals-contaminated soils occurring at varying elevations in western Montana. Local accession number 9081620 of slender wheatgrass met the quantitative criteria for canopy cover, aerial biomass production, and vigor when grown in pure stands; it also contributed significantly to the superior performance of mixed indigenous versus mixed commercial accessions used for reclamation in the Anaconda area. The following releases were developed under the project: Copperhead Selected class germplasm of the indigenous slender wheatgrass, Western Selected germplasm basin wildrye, Old Works Source Identified germplasm for fuzzy tongue penstemon, and Prospectors Selected germplasm for common snowberry. Local accessions of big bluegrass and bluebunch wheatgrass are expected to be released to commercial growers within the next two years.

Phytokinetics, Inc.: Phytoremediation Process

EPA SITE Program Ongoing Demonstration Project

Phytoremediation Field Studies Database for Chlorinated Solvents, Pesticides, Explosives, and Metals
2004

This document was prepared by Ana Hoffnagle and Cynthia Green, two undergraduate students under internships with United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The paper briefly explains the concept of phytoremediation, details phytoremediation site considerations, and summarizes the successes and failures of field-scale sites where phytotechnologies have been applied or proposed.

Phytoremediation at Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX: Cost and Performance Report
U.S. EPA, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, 18 pp, 2005

Phytoremediation at the Open Burn and Open Detonating Area, Ensign-Bickford Company, Simsbury, Connecticut: Cost and Performance Report
2000. U.S. EPA, Technology Innovation Office, 8 pp.

Phytoremediation at Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota: Cost and Performance Report
2000. U.S. EPA, Technology Innovation Office, 7 pp.

Phytoremediation of Dissolved Phase Organic Compounds: Optimal Site Considerations Relative to Field Case Studies
Harry R. Compton, George R. Prince, Scott C. Fredericks, Christopher D. Gussman
Remediation Journal 13(3) pp. 21-37, 2003

Phytoremediation of Groundwater at Air Force Plant 4, Carswell, Texas. Innovative Technology Evaluation Report
2003. U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 540-R-03-506, 100 pp.

Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Soil and Other DOD Projects

Phytoremediation of TCE: Using Trees to Clean Up Contaminated Soil and Groundwater at Hazardous Waste Sites

Project of Dr. Milton Gordon of the University of Washington

Phytotech: Phytoremediation Technology

EPA SITE Program Ongoing Demonstration Project

Phytotechnology Project Profiles

EPA has developed this Web site to summarize timely information about selected full-, field- and large greenhouse-scale applications of phytotechnology. Phytotechnology is an emerging technology that uses various types of plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants in soil and water. Projects for this Web site are collected using information from technical journals, conference proceedings as well as information obtained from technology vendors and site managers. The project profiles contain information about relevant site background, the types of contaminants treated, type of vegetation used, phytotechnology mechanisms, planting date, project size, location, cost, monitoring and performance results, as well as points of contact and references. This Web site can be used as a networking tool (each profile has a contact) to provide past solutions and lessons learned to new sites with similar contaminants and climate.

Proof-of-Concept of the Phytoimmobilization Technology for TNX Outfall Delta: Final Report
2001. Kaplan, D.I.; S.M. Serkiz; A.S. Knox; T.G. Hinton; R.R. Sharitz; B.P. Allen, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, Report No: WSRC-TR-2001-00032, 99 pp.

Recent Developments for In Situ Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils
EPA 542-R-97-004, 1997

This report assists the remedy selection process by providing information on four in situ technologies for treating soil contaminated with metals. The four approaches are electrokinetic remediation, phytoremediation, soil flushing, and solidification/stabilization.

U.S. Air Force: Phytoremediation of TCE-Contaminated Shallow Groundwater

EPA SITE Program Ongoing Demonstration Project

The Use and Effectiveness of Phytoremediation to Treat Persistent Organic Pollutants
2005

This document was prepared by Kristi Russell during an internship with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, sponsored by the Environmental Careers Organization. This report is intended to provide an overview of phytoremediation uses to treat media contaminated by persistent organic pollutants and demonstrate the potential for use of phytoremediation in developing and transitional economies.

The Use of Constructed Wetlands to Phytoremediate Explosives-Contaminated Groundwater at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant, Milan, Tennessee: ESTCP Cost and Performance Report
1999. U.S. DoD, Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP), 48 pp.

Use of Field-Scale Phytotechnology for Chlorinated Solvents, Metals, Explosives and Propellants, and Pesticides
EPA 542-R-05-002, 2005

For this document, the US EPA collected information about 79 field-scale phytotechnology projects conducted throughout the US and Canada that involved treatment of soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents, metals, explosives and pesticides. The purpose of this report is to inform readers of the status of these projects. This document can be used as a networking tool for federal, state and industrial employees to share lessons learned from and practical experiences with field-scale applications of phytotechnology.

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Last updated on Monday, November 17, 2008