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◊ Air Sparging
◊ Bioreactor Landfills ◊ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents ◊ Bioventing and Biosparging ◊ Electrokinetics: Electric Current Technologies ◊ Fracturing ◊ Ground-Water Circulating Wells ◊ In Situ Flushing ◊ In Situ Oxidation ◊ Multi-Phase Extraction ◊ Natural Attenuation ◊ Permeable Reactive Barriers ◊ Phytoremediation ◊ Remediation Optimization ◊ Soil Vapor Extraction ◊ Soil Washing ◊ Solvent Extraction ◊ Thermal Treatment: Ex Situ ◊ Thermal Treatment: In Situ
Overview How has EPA used remediation optimization to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its own sites? EPA's effort to optimize its Fund-lead sites (i.e., sites funded by Superfund) incorporates the Remediation System Evaluation (RSE) process that was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (What is a Remediation System Evaluation (RSE)?) The EPA effort began in 2000 with a pilot study consisting of four RSEs at sites with operating pump and treat (P&T) systems. Two of the sites are in EPA Region 4 and the other two sites are in EPA Region 5. Based on the success of these pilot RSEs in identifying potential opportunities for improving remedy effectiveness, reducing cost, improving technical operations, and facilitating site closure, the Superfund Reform Strategy was formalized in Directive 9283.1-13. With this directive, the pilot study was extended to a nationwide effort to optimize EPA sites with P&T systems. The following list provides a time line for this nationwide optimization effort.
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