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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. EPA Technology Innovation and Field Services Division

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles

Sir Galloway Dry Cleaners, Miami, Florida

Description
Historical activity that resulted in contamination.

This is an active PCE drycleaning facility that began operation in 1984. The facility was served by a septic tank until 1992. The facility is located in a mixed commercial/light industrial setting. A water supply well that serves a potable water source for a business, is located approximately 270 ft north of the site. The contaminant source is located beneath the building floor slab in the vicinity of the two drycleaning machines operated at the facility.

Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount detected in both soil and groundwater.


Contaminant Media Concentration (ppb) Nondetect
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene groundwater
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) groundwater 26 ppb
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) soil 1,400 ppb

Site Hydrology

Deepest Significant Groundwater Contamination:   25ft bgs
Plume Size:   Plume Length: 100ft
Plume Width: 550ft
Average Depth to Groundwater:   8ft

Lithology and Subsurface Geology

 
  fine to medium-grained sand
Depth: 0-3ft bgs
3ft thick
Conductivity: 75ft/day
Gradient: 0.0003ft/ft
 
  soft, oolitic limestone
Depth: 3-10ft bgs
7ft thick
 
  very fine-grained sand
Depth: 10-28ft bgs
18ft thick
 
  fossiliferous limestone interbedded with medium-grained sand
Depth: 28-56ft bgs
28ft thick

Pathways and DNAPL Presence

checkGroundwater
Sediments
checkSoil
DNAPL Present

Remediation Scenario

Cleanup Goals:
  Groundwater MCLs: PCE = 3 µg/L, cis 1,2-DCE = 70 µg/L
Soil Cleanup Target leachability standard: PCE = 30 µg/kg

Technologies

In Situ Monitored Natural Attenuation
 

Why the technology was selected:
Natural attenuation was selected as a groundwater remedy because there were low contaminant concentrations in groundwater and the prence of PCE degradtion products indicated that reductive dehclorination was actively occurring in groundwater.

Date implemented:
January 26, 2000

Final remediation design:
The groundwater remedy at the site was natural attenuation with monitoring.

Results to date:
SRCO approved 08/27/02. Results: Confirmatory soil sampling indicated that contaminant concentrations in soils are below cleanup target levels. The SVE system is estimated to have removed 5.73 lbs of VOCs from the subsurface. The SVE system was decomissioned on July 16, 2000. Contaminant concentrations in groundwater samples collected from monitor wells were below cleanup target levels during the last two monitoring events. Last sampling event was conducted on November 1, 2001. A Site Rehabilitation Completion Order was issued for this site on August 13, 2002.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$31,170 for all technologies

In Situ Soil Vapor Extraction
 

Why the technology was selected:
The predominant portion of the contaminant mass was located in the unsaturated zone in permeable soils. SVE is a cost effective technology for removing VOCs form permeable unsaturated sediments.

Date implemented:
January 26, 2000

Final remediation design:
The SVE system used two extraction wells and two air inlet wells. All four wells were installed beneath the floor slab of the drycleaning facility in the area near the drycleaning machines. Piping for all the wells was run to the ceiling of the facility and was then routed to the rear of the building. Depth (all wells): 6 ft beneath the building floor slab Screen interval: 1-6 ft beneath building floor slab Blower(SVE wells) 5 hp, capacity : 120 cfmat design vacuum of 60 in w.c. Ultimate flow rate: 131 cfm at vacuum of 40 in w.c. Blower (air inlet wells): 2.5 hp capacity: 80 cfm at design vacuum of 60 in w.c. Emission treatment: 170 lb. GAC canister Radius of influence: SVE - 10 ft (well); air inlet well 15 ft System radius of influence: 20 ft. The system was operated for 6 months - until July 16, 2000. For the first 5 weeks of operation, all four wells (SVE and air inlet wells) were piped into the SVE system. Beginning in March, the air inlet blower was activated for the next two months and quarterly thereafter.

Results to date:
SRCO approved 08/27/02. Results: Confirmatory soil sampling indicated that contaminant concentrations in soils are below cleanup target levels. The SVE system is estimated to have removed 5.73 lbs of VOCs from the subsurface. The SVE system was decomissioned on July 16, 2000. Contaminant concentrations in groundwater samples collected from monitor wells were below cleanup target levels during the last two monitoring events. Last sampling event was conducted on November 1, 2001. A Site Rehabilitation Completion Order was issued for this site on August 13, 2002.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$31,170 for all technologies

Ex Situ Carbon Adsorption
 

Why the technology was selected:
The predominant portion of the contaminant mass was located in the unsaturated zone in permeable soils. SVE is a cost effective technology for removing VOCs form permeable unsaturated sediments.

Date implemented:
January 26, 2000

Final remediation design:
The SVE system used two extraction wells and two air inlet wells. All four wells were installed beneath the floor slab of the drycleaning facility in the area near the drycleaning machines. Piping for all the wells was run to the ceiling of the facility and was then routed to the rear of the building. Depth (all wells): 6 ft beneath the building floor slab Screen interval: 1-6 ft beneath building floor slab Blower(SVE wells) 5 hp, capacity : 120 cfmat design vacuum of 60 in w.c. Ultimate flow rate: 131 cfm at vacuum of 40 in w.c. Blower (air inlet wells): 2.5 hp capacity: 80 cfm at design vacuum of 60 in w.c. Emission treatment: 170 lb. GAC canister Radius of influence: SVE - 10 ft (well); air inlet well 15 ft System radius of influence: 20 ft. The system was operated for 6 months - until July 16, 2000. For the first 5 weeks of operation, all four wells (SVE and air inlet wells) were piped into the SVE system. Beginning in March, the air inlet blower was activated for the next two months and quarterly thereafter.

Results to date:
SRCO approved 08/27/02. Results: Confirmatory soil sampling indicated that contaminant concentrations in soils are below cleanup target levels. The SVE system is estimated to have removed 5.73 lbs of VOCs from the subsurface. The SVE system was decomissioned on July 16, 2000. Contaminant concentrations in groundwater samples collected from monitor wells were below cleanup target levels during the last two monitoring events. Last sampling event was conducted on November 1, 2001. A Site Rehabilitation Completion Order was issued for this site on August 13, 2002.

Cost to Design and Implement:
$31,170 for all technologies

Costs

Cost for Assessment:
  $125,072
Cost for Operation and Maintenance:
  $44,367Groundwater monitoring: $26,153Site rehabilitation: $8,434
Total Costs for Cleanup:
  $232,178

Lessons Learned

1. Installation of SVE wells inside the drycleaning facility is an option that should be considered. Data collected from contamination assessments conducted at 150 Florida drycleaning sites shows that the number one source area is the drycleaning machines/stills.
2. Utilizing air injection wells inceases the pressure gradient and reduces the dead space between recovery wells, allowing for more efficient recovery of VOCs.
4. Switching or alternating wells from vapor recovery to air injection alters the vapor flow paths in the subsurface resulting in improved recovery of VOCs.

Contacts

Aaron Cohen
Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Waste Cleanup, MS 4500
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
850-245-8974
Aaron.Cohen@dep.state.fl.us

Brian Moore, Contractor
HAS Environmental Engineers & Scientists
4019 East Fowler Avenue
Tampa, Florida 33167
(850) 971-3882
bmoore@hsa-env.com

Site Specific References

1. Contamination Assessment Report - 8/97
2. Remedial Action Plan - 2/99
3. Remediation Performance Reports - April-August, 2000

 

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