| Much environmental data is generated using very prescriptive requirements for sample analysis because it is assumed that this will ensure 'high quality data.' However, deficiencies in project planning compromise the ability of this 'high quality data' to support reliable project decisions. This article, written by Barry Lesnik and Deana Crumbling of USEPA and published in the Jan/Feb 2001 issue of Environmental Testing & Analysis, discusses how a properly designed sampling and analysis plan (SAP) will address the greatest sources of decision uncertainty, which invariably stems from sampling issues. Stringent laboratory requirements cannot address this major cause of erroneous project decisions, but careful planning and increased sampling density can. Field analytical methods (used with adequate project-specific analytical QC protocols) permit cost-effective resolution of sampling uncertainty through the generation of 'effective data' that provide high confidence in the reliability of project decisions. |